How To Use Et Al Example

If you re instructed to follow the 6th edition the use of et al is slightly different.

How to use et al example. On the subsequent citations for three four or five authors. Dusek bakke 2019 or. For example blythe et al 2003. However it s important that the items in the list are of the same kind so that etc does not confuse the reader. Always refers to people not things.

For in text citation of a work with 6 or more authors. Finally be careful of a quirk of et al which is that it is plural that is it must replace at least two names or put another way it cannot stand for only one name. Here is how this could look. Many writers confuse e g and i e and many type et al improperly or do not properly recognize what words it represents. The abbreviation e g is from the latin exempli gratia and means literally for example.

So if you have worked through a reference and only one name is left to abbreviate you must spell out all the names every time to tell the two apart. Any time you have more than two authors the potential for using et al. After the first author. Note that et al is not italicized. According to lai and sookochoff 2018.

For a work with one or two authors include the name s in every citation. For sources with six or more authors use et al from the first citation. Use the lead author s surname and et al. For example you can say we could use cupcakes cookies etc. When people cite the work of you and your friends they would likely use et al especially in formal writing such as term papers and on works cited pages.

As such the first citation should spell out all their names and any subsequent citation can include et al. It is important to use these abbreviations literally and to punctuate them correctly. A quirk of et al. In apa 7 for a work with three or more authors list the first author and et al for all citations including the first citation unless doing so would create. Et cetera is used as a short way to say and so forth and so on or and other things and is also used to describe a list without listing everything.