How To Use Et Al Harvard Referencing

Where a source document has been written by more than two authors some guidelines say more than three authors then you should replace all but the first author surname with et al.

How to use et al harvard referencing. What is et al and what does it mean. A reference list is a complete list of all the sources used when creating a piece of work. Is used when there are 4 or more authors. Harvard referencing citing three authors. If the work has four or more authors editors the abbreviation et al should be used after the first author s name.

Smith johnson 2018 para. For sources with one two or three authors list all author names in your in text citations whether footnotes or author date. If you quote a website you need to include the number of the paragraph the words are taken from like this. Et al is used in harvard style to indicate that a source has four or more authors. It is also acceptable to use et al after the first author if the work has three authors.

By using et al writers can also avoid having very long citations that list every single author. It is generally agreed amongst universities that et al. For sources with four or more authors use the first name followed by et al in your chicago style reference list or bibliography list up to 10 authors. To indicate that there are three or four more authors other than the first surname that is given e g green et al 2009. So we use et al.

2 include the surname of the first author followed by et al. Et al is simply a way of making your in text reference more concise and unobtrusive. In this example we can go to the reference list to see the other authors. This list includes information about the sources like the author date of publication title of the source and more. Parenthetical citations are always placed inside the closing punctuation for the sentence.

Et al is a latin term and the short form of et alia which literally means and others. And last name first initial. A harvard reference list must. It is used in academic citations for sources that have multiple authors. The intention is to make references shorter and easier to absorb.