How To Use Et Al In Text Harvard Referencing

Harvard is the most common referencing style used in uk universities.

How to use et al in text harvard referencing. You need to also include et al. Published on 14 february 2020 by jack caulfield. A quick guide to harvard referencing. If the work has four or more authors editors the abbreviation et al should be used after the first author s name. Use the surname of the first author and et al.

Quotations paraphrases and summaries. Revised on 22 june 2020. Should you adapt or copy a table graph or some other former of visual material that has 3 or 4 more authors. In text references must be included following the use of a quote or paraphrase taken from another piece of work. Is not only used after a quote or a paraphrased text.

Don t use et al in the list of references. This page outlines how to complete various kinds of references using the harvard referencing method. Social acceptance of carbon capture and storage is necessary for the introduction of technologies van alphen et al 2007. And others in the text. For sources with three to five authors list all the authors the first time and use et al only in subsequent citations.

List all the authors in. 1996 discuss the history of the hogwarts school of witchcraft and wizardry and its rise to prominence. If you re instructed to follow the 6th edition the use of et al is slightly different. For sources that have four or more authors you always resort to using et al. In citing such papers using the name and date system also known as the harvard system a long string of names proves awkward which is why most journals recommend the use of et al which is latin for et alii or et aliae and means and others.

To make this easier if you re referring to a work with 4 or more authors you only have to use the name of the first author in your text followed by the abbreviation et al for example you might write. In text references are references written within the main body of text and refer to a quote or paraphrase. For sources with six or more authors use et al from the first citation. It tells your readers what sources you ve used and how to find them. It can be said that knowledge of the stages of growth and development helps predict the patient s response to the present illness or the threat of future illness potter et al 2013.